Carcassonne: South Seas keeps the familiar tile-laying gameplay of the original Carcassonne, with players adding a tile to the playing area each round and optionally placing a token on the tile to claim ownership of...something. Instead of the familiar cities, roads and farms, however, players in Carcassonne: South Seas use their meeples to gather bananas, shellfish and fish, then ship those goods to traders in exchange for points.

Carcassonne: South Seas is the first game of a new series titled "Carcassonne Around the World", which was later followed by Carcassonne: Gold Rush and Carcassonne: Amazonas.